Taliban Decrees and Prohibitions Against Women

Taliban Decrees and Prohibitions Against Women Immediately on taking over cities and communities in Afghanistan, the Taliban imposed its law, based on an interpretation of Sharia  or Islamic  law that was stricter than in any part of the Islamic world. The interpretation is at wide variance from that of most Islamic scholars. With very minimal changes, what follows are the Taliban rules, decrees, and prohibitions as posted in Kabul and elsewhere in Afghanistan beginning in November and December 1996, and as translated from Dari by Western non-governmental agencies. The grammar and syntax ​follows the original. Those rules still prevail wherever the Taliban is in control – in vast parts of Afghanistan or in Pakistans Federally Administered Tribal Areas. On Women and Families Decree announced by the General Presidency of Amr Bil Maruf and Nai As Munkar (Taliban Religious Police), Kabul, November 1996. Women you should not step outside your residence. If you go outside the house you should not be like women who used to go with fashionable clothes wearing much cosmetics and appearing in front of every men before the coming of Islam.Islam as a rescuing religion has determined specific dignity for women, Islam has valuable instructions for women. Women should not create such opportunity to attract the attention of useless people who will not look at them with a good eye. Women have the responsibility as a teacher or coordinator for her family. Husband, brother, father have the responsibility for providing the family with the necessary life requirements (food, clothes etc). In case women are required to go outside the residence for the purposes of education, social needs or social services they should cover themselves in accordance with Islamic Sharia regulation. If women are going outside with fashionable, ornamental, tight and charming clothes to show themselves, they will be cursed by the Islamic Sharia and should never expect to go to heaven.All family elders and every Muslim have responsibility in this respect. We request all family elders to keep tight control over their families and avoid these social problems. Otherwise these women will be threatened, investigated and severely punished as well as the family elders by the forces of the Religious Police (Munkrat).The Religious Police have the responsibility and duty to struggle against these social problems and will continue their effort until evil is finished. Hospital Rules and Prohibitions Rules of work for the State Hospitals and private clinics based on Islamic Sharia principles. Ministry of Health, on behalf of Amir ul Momineet Mohammed Omar. Kabul, November 1996. 1. Female patients should go to female physicians. In case a male physician is needed, the female patient should be accompanied by her close relative.2. During examination, the female patients and male physicians both will be dressed with Islamic .3. Male physicians should not touch or see the other parts of female patients except for the affected part.4. Waiting room for female patients should be safely covered.5. The person who regulates turn for female patients should be a woman.6. During the night duty, in what rooms which female patients are hospitalized, the male doctor without the call of the patient is not allowed to enter the room.7. Sitting and speaking between male and female doctors are not allowed. If there be need for discussion, it should be done with hijab.8. Female doctors should wear simple clothes, they are not allowed stylish clothes or use of cosmetics or make-up.9. Female doctors and nurses are not allowed to enter the rooms where male patients are hospitalized. 10. Hospital staff should pray in mosques on time.11. The Religious Police are allowed to go for control at any time and nobody can prevent them.Anybody who violates the order will be punished as per Islamic regulations. General Rules and Prohibitions General Presidency of Amr Bil Maruf. Kabul, December 1996. 1. To prevent sedition and female uncovers (Be Hejabi). No drivers allowed to pick up women who are using Iranian burqa. In case of violation the driver will be imprisoned. If such kind of female are observed in the street their house will be found and their husband punished. If the women use stimulating and attractive cloth and there is no accompany of close male relative with them, the drivers should not pick them up.2. To prevent music. To be broadcasted by the public information resources. In shops, hotels, vehicles and rickshaws cassettes and music are prohibited. This matter should be monitored within five days. If any music cassette found in a shop, the shopkeeper should be imprisoned and the shop locked. If five people guarantee the shop should be opened the criminal released later. If cassette found in the vehicle, the vehicle and the driver will be imprisoned. If five people guarantee the vehicle will be released and the criminal released later.3. To prevent beard shaving a nd its cutting. After one and a half months, if anyone is observed who has shaved and/or cut his beard, they should be arrested and imprisoned until their beard gets bushy.4. To prevent keeping pigeons and playing with birds. Within ten days this habit/hobby should stop. After ten days this should be monitored and the pigeons and any other playing birds should be killed.5. To prevent kite-flying. The kite shops in the city should be abolished.6. To prevent idolatry. In vehicles, shops, hotels, room and any other places, pictures and portraits should be abolished. The monitors should tear up all pictures in the above places.7. To prevent gambling. In collaboration with the security police the main centers should be found and the gamblers imprisoned for one month.8. To eradicate the use of narcotics. Addicts should be imprisoned and investigation made to find the supplier and the shop. The shop should be locked and the owner and user should be imprisoned and punished.9. To prevent the British and American hairstyle. People with long hair should be arrested and taken to the Religious Police department to shave their hair. The criminal has to pay the barber.10. To prevent interest on loans, charge on changing small denomination notes and charge on money orders. All money exchangers should be informed that the above three types of exchanging the money should be prohibited. In case of violation criminals will be imprisoned for a long time.11. To prevent washing cloth by young ladies along the water streams in the city. Violator ladies should be picked up with respectful Islamic manner, taken to their houses and their husbands severely punished.12. To prevent music and dances in wedding parties. In the case of violation the head of the family will be arrested and punished.13. To prevent the playing of music drum. The prohibition of this should be announced. If anybody does this then the religious elders can decide about it.14. To prevent sewing ladies cloth and takin g female body measures by tailor. If women or fashion magazines are seen in the shop the tailor should be imprisoned.15. To prevent sorcery. All the related books should be burnt and the magician should be imprisoned until his repentance.16. To prevent not praying and order gathering pray at the bazaar. Prayer should be done  on  their due times in all districts. Transportation should be strictly prohibited and all people are obliged to go to the mosque. If young people are seen in the shops they will be immediately imprisoned.9. To prevent the British and American hairstyle. People with long hair should be arrested and taken to the Religious Police department to shave their hair. The criminal has to pay the barber.10. To prevent interest on loans, charge on changing small denomination notes and charge on money orders. All money exchangers should be informed that the above three types of exchanging the money should be prohibited. In case of violation criminals will be imprisoned for a long time.11. To prevent washing cloth by young ladies along the water streams in the city. Violator ladies should be picked up with respectful Islamic manner, taken to their houses and their husbands severely punished.12. To prevent music and dances in wedding parties. In the case of violation the head of the family will be arrested and punished.13. To prevent the playing of music drum. The prohibition of this should be announced. If anybody does this then the religious elders can decide about it.14. To prevent sewing ladies cloth and taking female body measures by tailor. If women or fashion magazines are seen in the shop the tailor should be imprisoned.15. To prevent sorcery. All the related books should be burnt and the magician should be imprisoned until his repentance.16. To prevent not praying and order gathering pray at the bazaar. Prayer should be done on their due times in all districts. Transportation should be strictly prohibited and all people are obliged to go t o the mosque. If young people are seen in the shops they will be immediately imprisoned.

An Introduction to the Jack the Ripper Mystery

An Introduction to the Jack the Ripper Mystery Someone in London murdered and mutilated a number of prostitutes during the autumn of 1888; the press went into a frenzy, politicians pointed the finger at each other, hoaxers polluted the investigation, and one of several nicknames stuck: Jack the Ripper. Over a century later, Jacks identity has never been wholly proven (there isnt even a leading suspect), most aspects of the case are still debated, and the Ripper is an infamous cultural bogeyman. The Enduring Mystery The Rippers identity has never been established and people have never stopped looking: the publishing rates average is a new book a year since 1888 (although most of these have come in recent decades). Unfortunately, the wealth of Ripper source material - letters, reports, diaries,  and photographs - provides enough depth for detailed and fascinating research, but too few facts for any incontrovertible conclusions. Just about everything about Jack the Ripper is open to debate and the best you can get is a consensus. People are still finding new suspects  or new ways to reframe old suspects, and books are still flying off the shelves. There is no better mystery. The Crimes Traditionally, Jack the Ripper is considered to have killed five women, all London prostitutes, during 1888: Mary Ann Polly Nichols on August 31, Annie Chapman on September 8, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes on September 30 and Mary Jane (Marie Jeanette) Kelly on November 9. In practice, there is no agreed list: the most popular change is to discount Stride and/or Kelly, sometimes adding Martha Tabram, killed August 7th. Authors naming more than eight have achieved very little consensus. At the time Polly Nichols was sometimes considered the second or third person to have been killed by the same person, and plenty of later investigators have searched the world in search of similar killings to see if the Ripper moved on. The Ripper generally killed by strangling his victims, then laying them down and cutting the arteries in their throats; this was followed by a varied process of mutilation, during which parts of the body were removed and kept. Because Jack did this quickly, often in the dark, and because he seemed to have great anatomical knowledge, people have assumed the Ripper had a doctors or surgeons training. As with much of the case, there is no consensus - a contemporary thought him simply a blunderer. There have been accusations that the missing organs werent stolen from the bodies by the Ripper, but by people dealing with them later. Evidence for this is scant. The Letters and Nicknames During the autumn and winter of 1888/89, a number of letters circulated among the police and newspapers, all claiming to be from the Whitechapel murderer; these include the From Hell letter and one accompanied by part of a kidney (which may have matched a kidney taken from one of the victims, but like everything Jack, were not a hundred percent sure). Ripperologists consider most, if not all, of the letters to be hoaxes, but their impact at the time was considerable, if only because one contained the first use of Jack the Ripper, a nickname the papers swiftly adopted and which is now synonymous. Horror, Media, and Culture The Ripper killings were neither obscure nor ignored at the time. There was gossip and fear in the streets, questions at high levels of government,  and offers of rewards and resignations when nobody was caught. Political reformers used the Ripper in arguments and policemen struggled with the limited techniques of the time. Indeed, the Ripper case remained high profile enough for many of the police involved to write private accounts years later. However, it was the media who made Jack the Ripper. By 1888, literacy was common amongst the crowded citizens of London and newspapers reacted to the Whitechapel Murderer, whom they initially christened Leather Apron, with the frenzy we expect from modern tabloids, stirring opinions, fact,  and theory – along with the probably hoaxed Ripper letters – together to create a legend which seeped into popular culture. From the very start, Jack doubled as a figure from the horror genre, a bogeyman to scare your kids. A century later, Jack the Ripper is still hugely famous world over, an unknown criminal at the center of a global manhunt. But he is more than that, hes the focus of novels, films, musicals,  and even a six-inch high model plastic figure. Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer adopted by the modern media age and hes been at the forefront ever since, mirroring the evolution of western culture. Will the Mystery Be Solved? Its extremely unlikely anyone will be able to use the existing evidence to prove, beyond all reasonable doubt, who Jack the Ripper was and, while people are still uncovering material, the discovery of something unarguable has to be regarded as a long-shot. Fortunately, the mystery is so fascinating because you can do your own reading, draw your own conclusions and, with some critical thinking, generally have as much chance of being right as everyone else! Suspects range from people the detectives at the time suspected (such as George Chapman / Klosowski), to a whole gallery of strange suggestions, which include no less than Lewis Carroll, a royal doctor, Inspector Abberline himself, and someone who even blamed their relative decades later after finding some tenuous items.

Starting the lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starting the lesson - Essay Example The thinking maps discussed by John Hattie focus on the power of passionate teaching and cognitive engagement of students. Taking John Hattie’s quote from Paul Brock in his 2012 book ‘I want †¦ teachers †¦ to nurture and challenge my daughters’ intellectual and imaginative capacities†¦to care for Sophie and Millie with humanity and sensitivity†¦ to strive to maximize their potential.’ (Hattie, 2012) signifies the shift in the overall teaching domain. In this very book Professor Hattie has listed fourteen new interventions that were not a part of his Meta analysis and among those the most crucial one is teacher’s credibility. As mentioned in the abstract had the learning be a little more practical rather than subject oriented the teacher would have taught in a markedly improved fashion. It is important for the teachers to show genuine care and educate knowledge that can add to the students’ overall well being. The students w ho do well are the ones whose teachers are credible and the students perceive their credibility to the fullest. Therefore it is important for the teachers to enhance the effective learning process of the students by possessing the right amount of knowledge and facts and sharing their knowledge in a genuine way through modern teaching

I want to you to write about democracy in the USA Essay

I want to you to write about democracy in the USA - Essay Example In addition, they want governmental framework that will safeguard liberty and ensure the rule of law prevails over the current will of the people, a circumstance which would be termed a true democracy. The system of government in the U.S. is often called a democracy which is misleading and does not represent the true ideals of the country. The aspect of a republic, one that makes the system historically significant, is that is actually in opposition of a true democracy where the will of the majority would infringe upon the rights of the minority. The American Revolution was fought for three main reasons. The elite class sought self-governance, separate from Britain, so they could control the colonies themselves in order to further their self interests. They also wanted to keep slavery and take more land from the Native Americans. Britain was leaning toward abolishing slavery and had outlawed seizing land. George Washington is a prime example of those moneyed elite. He owned hundreds of slaves and was a land speculator. The Founding Fathers’ goals were not as altruistic as many history books describe them. However, they needed the common man to fight the war so they were forced to cede some power to them in the form of democratic principles. Neither the Constitution nor Declaration of Independence contains the word democracy. In fact the Founders often spoke out against the concept. Thomas Jefferson spoke of the â€Å"tyranny of the majority.† A Massachusetts Delegate to the Continental Congress, Elbridge Gerry, cautioned against an â€Å"excesses of democracy.† Future first Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who advocated a restricted monarchy, declared that the people â€Å"seldom judge or determine right.† Virginia Governor Edmund Randolph wanted a government that would â€Å"restrain the fury of democracy.† (Marriott, 2003). It was obvious to the Founders that the majority would vote for whatever it

The Controversy Of Genetic Testing Essay Example for Free

The Controversy Of Genetic Testing Essay The issue of genetic engineering and testing has become one of the most contentious issues in our contemporary society. The debate is battled over by credentialed scientists on both sides and the likelihood is very high that it will continue. Most of the pro genetic testing advocates claim that since it is a technological and scientific process, genetic testing governmental regulation and evaluation should be purely based on objective and scientific criteria. Â  Genetic testing opponents argue that there should be more science (or rather further advancement) especially on environmental and human studies in order to have such a purely perceived scientific evaluation of genetic testing. The contradiction brought about by such pure scientific assessment of genetic testing is the fact that it ignores the varied and differentiated religious, cultural, and ethical dimensions of different individuals that must be considered (Coates, Mahaffies, Hines, 1997, 13). Thus, genetic testing is not an isolated technology but rather one that employs a wide range of methods that will eventually gauge the absence, activity or presence of defective genes in cells. Its costs ranges from as less than $50 for simpler screenings like sickle cell anemia blood screens to the $10,000’s bracket for more complicated screens such as the pre-implantation genetic investigation for diseases like the Tay Sachs. Many individuals tend to prefer genetic testing when it happens that their families have shown some symptoms, which, given an early diagnosis, can substantially be improved. They may also consider it if they wish to pass on some desired genetic traits to their progeny. It goes without saying that the potential that genetic testing has for humankind in all societies is quite paramount. The most significant is the fact that genetic testing has a capability of lengthening and improving the quality of human life. When used and administered in the most appropriate ethical standards, genetic testing will/can eventually eliminate many unforeseen distresses and suffering. However, a number of issues including discrimination, social engineering, consent, equity, and privacy pose as potential hindrances that have been confronted by many people so far. There have been some personal family and legal conflicts which have arisen as a result of individual and/immediate relatives testing (Coates, Mahaffie, Hines, 1997, 17). Considering the issue of privacy for example, there has been many doubts whether insurance firms and potential employers for example, should access a person’s genetic records. There have been proposals that only genetic researchers should in their attempt to come up with more promising technologies that will ensure improvement and longevity of human life. This possibility of other unauthorized individuals or groups being informed of such genetic statuses is viewed by many as an incriminating genetic privacy deficiency. Moreover, genes are shared among parents and siblings, and as such, many wonder if there is a moral obligation for a person to disclose the information to people who could be potentially affected. Other issues that have brought additional controversy related to genetic testing include possible offensive discrimination of those found with defective genetic composition. This mainly happens in insurance related processes among others such as foster parenting or adoption. (Coates, Mahaffie, Hines, 1997, 22) Equality in availability of genetic testing to all is yet another worrying factor. Some people have thought that the rich might well be able to alienate themselves from all forms of genetically oriented complications because they can relatively afford the staggering costs as compared to the less fortunate. This has however, been addressed by appropriate regulatory measures that ensure there is no unnecessary skyrocketing of genetic testing costs. In conclusion, I’d say that no matter what the magnitude of opposition towards the issues revolving genetic testing, it is fundamental to appreciate one fact that the bottom line of all the debates will always depend heavily on the eminent advantages that this scientific advancement has brought to humanity. All we are required to do now is to streamline a few bends and we will soon be one army against a common enemy, ignorance of the benefits awaiting mankind after perfecting the methods and procedures involved. Most of these controversial issues can comfortably be prevented if we all make concerted efforts to understand the legal and social policies, national and state legislation as well as the health care reforms that will prevent disillusion about genetic testing. The gifts to be achieved by treating devastating inherited diseases out rightly outweigh the societal risks involved. Work cited: Coates Joseph, Mahaffie John Hines Andy. The Promise of Genetics. The Futurist, Vol.31, September, 1997, pp. 13, 17, 22

Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†, by Zora Neale Hurston there were many contrasting places that were used to represent opposed forces or ideas that are central to the meaning of this work. In the novel, Eatonville and the Everglades were two contrasting places. Eatonville, Florida was a place where Janie experienced many things in life. Janie Crawford grew here where her grandmother raised her. Eatonville was also a place where Janie had no freedom or choices. For example, Janie was forced into adulthood and love. Eatonville was the place of hurts, and insecurities to her. Eatonville was where Janie tried to find herself. She lived there for a long time but still did not find what she was looking for. The Everglades, often referred to as the Mucks, was where Janie now knew who she was and what she was looking for in life. It is where she had true love unlike in Eatonville, Florida. Eatonville was a place of trials, hurts, and pains but the Everglades were where Janie knew who she was as a person. The Everglades and Eatonville both represent Janie in two different ways. In Eatonville Janie was uncertain of who she was. Eatonville represents unsure, love, hate, abuse, and trials. The Everglades represents love, joy, and prosperity. Janie was now seeing the person she was or is and living that life. Janie found herself in the Everglades. This was what she was trying to do throughout her entire life. She was searching although she came across stressing situations for her identity. In this novel the two contrasting places shows Janie as being loss and shows Janie as being found. This novel stands on that theme. Sometimes one would be loss but the problem comes in when they are never found. In Eatonville there was love of force but in the Everglades there was love of choice. Janie was able to find the bee pollinating the flower. â€Å"So this was marriage†. The contrasting places examine true love. Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†, by Zora Neale Hurston there were many contrasting places that were used to represent opposed forces or ideas that are central to the meaning of this work. In the novel, Eatonville and the Everglades were two contrasting places. Eatonville, Florida was a place where Janie experienced many things in life. Janie Crawford grew here where her grandmother raised her. Eatonville was also a place where Janie had no freedom or choices. For example, Janie was forced into adulthood and love. Eatonville was the place of hurts, and insecurities to her. Eatonville was where Janie tried to find herself. She lived there for a long time but still did not find what she was looking for. The Everglades, often referred to as the Mucks, was where Janie now knew who she was and what she was looking for in life. It is where she had true love unlike in Eatonville, Florida. Eatonville was a place of trials, hurts, and pains but the Everglades were where Janie knew who she was as a person. The Everglades and Eatonville both represent Janie in two different ways. In Eatonville Janie was uncertain of who she was. Eatonville represents unsure, love, hate, abuse, and trials. The Everglades represents love, joy, and prosperity. Janie was now seeing the person she was or is and living that life. Janie found herself in the Everglades. This was what she was trying to do throughout her entire life. She was searching although she came across stressing situations for her identity. In this novel the two contrasting places shows Janie as being loss and shows Janie as being found. This novel stands on that theme. Sometimes one would be loss but the problem comes in when they are never found. In Eatonville there was love of force but in the Everglades there was love of choice. Janie was able to find the bee pollinating the flower. â€Å"So this was marriage†. The contrasting places examine true love.

Identity in Literature Essay

â€Å"You are not your job; you’re not how much money you have in the bank. You are not the car you drive. You’re not the contents of your wallet. You are not your fucking khakis. You are all singing, all dancing crap of the world. † In this excerpt from the book Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk, the main character screams this at the group of men standing in front of him while laying down the rules before the first fight of the night. This repetitive and forceful series of statements is directly challenging exactly what the men have always assumed they hold dear and they above all else know: their identities. Identity can be discussed and addressed in many different ways in many diverse media outlets. In the following analyzed and critiqued essays by Bruno Bettelheim, Raymond Carver, and Jorge Luis Borges respectively: the theme of identity is conferred by the phases of establishment, alteration, uncertainty, and realization. The first essay to be analyzed is Bruno Bettelheim’s. In the essay â€Å"The Introduction to the Uses of Enchantment† by Bruno Bettelheim, the writer and psychologist discusses the number of functions that traditional and folk fairy tales can and have served. He says in this work that fairy tales are crucial to children and their development because they encourage the development of the children’s identity. In a direct excerpt from his essay, this is directly addressed. Communicating in a manner which reaches the uneducated mind of the child as well as that of the sophisticated adult . . . airy tales carry important messages to the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious mind, on whatever level each is functioning at the time. By dealing with universal human problems, particularly those which preoccupy a child’s mind, these stories speak to his budding ego and encourage its development, while at the same time relieving preconscious and unconscious pressures† (235). Here, the author describes how the fairy tales in question have been able to aide in the development of children’s psychological workings and, in turn, the establishment of the understanding of their self-identity. This is quite easily understood in remembrance of the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood, which warns young boys and girls to avoid strangers as well as be extremely cautious when traveling alone. Fairy tales teach children that â€Å"struggle against severe difficulties in life is unavoidable† (237). Besides the reading of fairy tales, every day experience also leads to the change in associative identity. In Raymond Carter’s â€Å"Cathedral†, there is a very subtle yet directly significant change in identity and understanding within the main character. The main character is a very assumptive man with very little more to say on a subject other than he likes or doesn’t like it, almost as if he doesn’t really care. When the blind friend named Robert of his wife visits, his entire perspective is changed. At the end, the line, â€Å"My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything† (126), the main character experiences Robert’s world of seeing things without actually seeing; metaphorically, his eyes were opened while they were closed. The main character can now suddenly understand that all his preconceived assumptions and notions were just stereotypes when, in reality, they life of the blind man might even be more fulfilling than that of those who can see normally. This essay is showing the alteration in identity within the main character because suddenly, he is open to the idea that Robert is nothing that he assumed and is truly someone to revere and look up to. This changes his identity because one’s mindset is directly related to the identity that one has. Another type of identity change occurs within the next essay. While there are two specific selected works by Jorge Luis Borges that are closely associated with identity, the first to be discussed will be â€Å"The Circular Ruins. † In this essay, the author writes of a magician creating the perfect son within his mind and dreaming him into a type of existence separate from the waking life of the magician himself. In the end, he experiences something that changes his entire life and perspective of things. â€Å"He recalled that, of all the creatures of the world, fire was the only one that knew his son was a phantom . . . ut then he knew that death was coming to crown his old age and absolve him of his labors. He walked into the shreds of flame. But they did not bite his flesh; they caressed him and engulfed him without heat or combustion. With relief, with humiliation, with terror, he understood that he too was a mere appearance, dreamt by another† (49 and 50). This is a definite change in the magician’s identity and the perfect representation of a revision to a previous identity. His encounter with the fire shows that he is actually a dream himself, not his â€Å"son. This is a change in identity because what he thought was a real life and existence his entire life was actually the dream of another person on a different plane from him. His realization to this fact allows an entire transformation of character and identity as he will begin the road to coping with his new-found knowledge. This is significant because it reinforces the fact that what one person thought they were their entire lives could actually all be challenged and defeated in one brief and exact moment. Another way of challenging the identity of a person is through a spiritual enlightenment that leads to further recognition of one’s self. In the second analyzed essay by Jorge Luis Borges, there is a somewhat similar but slightly altered message of identity. In â€Å"The Writing of the God,† the main character Tzinacan is tortured and starved by the conquistador Pedro de Alvarado. Tzinacan goes through a change of identity when he suddenly goes through a stage of enlightenment from being imprisoned and left to his own devices in a sandy prison. â€Å". . there occurred union with the deity; union with the universe. . . I saw a wheel of enormous height, which was not before my eyes, or behind them, or to the sides, but everywhere at once. This wheel was made of water, but also of fire, and although I could see its boundaries, it was infinite. It was made of all things that shall be, that are, and that have been, all intertwined, and I was one of the strands within that all-encompassing fabric. . . † (253). This direct excerpt shows Tzinacan’s sudden moment of understanding and knowledge. Here, is an abrupt recognition that he is not one man with one status or one purpose but is instead one with everything and nothing at once. His acknowledgment that he is linked with all things but without all those other things and parts to the universe, he ceases to exist at all. This is an example of an alteration to identity because Tzinacan goes from being a high and mighty priest who was captured and tortured to simply another thread in universal web of occurrences with each creature created by a higher being. Identity is how we as human beings associate or disassociate ourselves with others. We find our own identity from life experiences and distinguish that identity from the pressures of society when compared to one’s own strength of will. A young woman may dissipate her identity by the men she is involved with, or the young man might engorge his identity by the job promotion he just received and the luxurious cars he drives. These identities are ever-changing and expansive, within our own minds and within the population of history. From the fairy tales we are read as children to eye-opening events in our late-adulthood, each happenstance of personality or value helps shape who we are and who we portray ourselves to be.

Personal and Criminological Theory

The human brain is very unique and it functions in many ways, giving individuals the power to think, speak, plan, and imagine. However, when individuals commit crimes, the criminal justice system and scientist study that behavior to learn the causes of crime. The needs and motivations of individuals who engage in crime differ based on biological origins, psychological, or socially induced. History has shown that by applying theory it allows researchers to discern why individuals react the way they do to certain conditions. In this paper, I will explain what I believe are the occurrences of crimes and why people commit them. I will also illuminate the variables associated with crime, identify reasons concerning the circumstances and explain techniques used when evaluating the criminal behavior. When situations change it becomes an issue for individuals to adjust. Society categorizes and divided individuals based on race, gender, family, and ultimately the amount of economic resources they have. Society usually divides people into upper class, the middle-class, the working class, and the underclass. The amount of accumulated wealth or property that an individual owns determines the assignment to any class or group. The upper class consists of well to do families that maintain an enormous amount of financial and social resources, but the poor consist of people living in poverty. Depending upon the opportunities available to individuals can affect the individual’s chances in life. Crime occurs and it includes acts such as murder, rape assault, and theft. Individuals commit crime for several reasons, mental disorders, income, education, and economic factors, or a combination of them all. The disproportion of goods for all members of society negates the defined goals and the norms that regulate the means to achieve the American dream. Goals are the valued purposes and interest that America holds as legitimate objectives for all members within its society. When disruption occurs and the social norms and conditions in which those norms no longer control the activity of society members the anomie and strain theory becomes a factor in why individuals commit crime (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 77). The anomie and strain theory suggest that when there is a disjunction between means and goals individuals frustration and sense of injustice result from experiencing socially structured incapacities (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 80). For example, discrimination by social class or racial discrimination in education and employment makes access to institutionalized means of achieving success difficult. I think this is a good theory because of the variables considered to uphold the theory are individuals environment, education, family, peers, structure, media, drugs, and alcohol. The blocked opportunities to maintain social status creates new opportunities for crime. Individuals, who believe that there is an injustice in the conditions to which they are to live within will not respect the norms of society and will conform to a way of self indulgence. If the measurement of success is through material gain, it is only natural for people to pursue the American Dream by trying to accumulate property and economic prosperity. However, unequal access to legitimate economic structures is a source of intense strain, rage, and anger for Americans. Criminal behavior is a response from those whom society has failed to provide legitimate access to achieving that American Dream (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 82). A variety of methods are available to the criminal justice researcher. Each method has strengths and weaknesses. However, in the hypothetical study concerning the unequal access to opportunities to pursue the American Dream, surveying individuals is an appropriate method for collecting data. With quantitative and qualitative studies in the form of questionnaires and interviews as well as field research and historical research this can help in drawing conclusions concerning the disproportionate of opportunities available to society and reasons behind criminal behavior (Kraska & Neuman, 2008, p. 2). In conclusion, when individuals commit crimes, the criminal justice system and scientist study that behavior to learn the causes of crime. Society categorizes and divided individuals based on race, gender, family, and ultimately the amount of economic resources they have. The amount of accumulated wealth or property that an individual owns determines the assignment to any class or group. Depending upon the opportunities available to individuals can affect the individual’s chances in life. Individuals commit crime for several reasons, mental disorders, income, education, and economic factors, or a combination of them all. The anomie and strain theory suggest that when there is a disjunction between means and goals individuals frustration and sense of injustice result from experiencing socially structured incapacities (Williams & McShane, 2009, p. 80). I think this is a good theory because of the variables considered to uphold the theory are individuals environment, education, family, peers, structure, media, drugs, and alcohol. Individuals, who believe that there is an injustice in the conditions to which they are to live within will not respect the norms of society and will conform to a way of self indulgence. However, unequal access to legitimate economic structures is a source of intense strain, rage, and anger for Americans. With quantitative and qualitative studies this can help in drawing conclusions concerning the disproportionate of opportunities available to the Americans and reasons behind criminal behavior.

Beat Matching essays

Beat Matching essays Everyone has seen or heard a DJ perform at some point in their life. The type of disc jockey I am referring to isnt a radio DJ that just plays songs for people to listen to. I am referring to what is best know as a club DJ; one that uses two turntables and a mixer. Most people dont even pay attention to what exactly the DJ is doing behind the turntables; and to tell the truth most people dont care. The final product produced is good music that is blended together to make a continuous mix of music. It is not a very easy process to accomplish even though everyone thinks that it is easy and that anyone can do it. The process that a DJ goes through when they are mixing is a process called beat matching. Beat matching is a very complex process and takes an extreme amount of practice. The process includes about sixteen steps, but can be described in four steps: play one record on the turntable and listen to other record in the headphones, grab the beat of one record and release it on beat with the other record using the pitch control, analyze then re-analyze the two records, and finally blend the two records using the cross-fader. If you dont know how to match beats it is almost certain you will not succeed as a DJ. The main equipment used by a professional DJ is two turntables hooked up to mixer in the middle with a cross-fader for selection. There is other equipment used such as CD mixers, but the main type is the turntable set-up. The main purpose of this process is to make one record blend with the other record at the same speed to create one sound. The first step in the process is to play one record off of one turntable through the main sound system. The cross-fader on the mixer should be to the side of the turntable that is playing. At the same time play the second record through the mixer using the cue switch on the mixer. That record will not be playing ...

When Is the FAFSA Deadline for 2019 Federal and State

When Is the FAFSA Deadline for 2019 Federal and State SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips To be considered for federal financial aid, you must complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Most states, colleges, and universities also use the FAFSA to award other types of institutional financial aid, including state- and college-sponsored financial aid, such as grants, educational loans, and work-study programs. If you don’t get your FAFSA submitted by the deadline, you might be missing out on free money. Don’t do that. Make sure you know all the applicable federal, state, and college deadlines. Get that money! In this article, we'll discuss when you should submit the FAFSA and how to ensure you don't miss any important deadlines. We'll also explain the financial aid process after you submit your FAFSA. When Are Federal FAFSA Deadlines? You can file a FAFSA for the 2018-2019 school year anytime between October 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019. Online applications must be submitted by midnight Central Time on June 30, 2019.Any corrections or updates must be submitted by midnight Central Time on September 14, 2019. For the 2019-2020 school year, you can file anytime from October 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020.Once again, applications must be submitted by midnight Central Time on the final date. Corrections or updates must be submitted by September 12, 2020. If you're applying to college this year (meaning you'd start in fall 2019), you should submit your FAFSA as soon as possible- definitely by summer- to meet state and college deadlines and to maximize the amount of aid you can receive. When Are State FAFSA Deadlines? FAFSA deadlines vary for each state to be eligible for state-sponsored financial aid. Generally, state deadlines have remained the same from year to year. A number of statesask students to submit their FAFSA as soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Then, financial aid will continue to be awarded until state funds are depleted. Thus, it's essential to submit your FAFSA early if you live in one of these states. Below, I have listed all the state deadlines for the FAFSA for the 2019-2020 school year. The dates are for 2019 unless otherwise noted. As previously mentioned, these deadlines tend to stay the same each year. This information was taken directly from the FAFSA website. Alabama Check with your financial aid administrator. Alaska Alaska Performance Scholarship - June 30. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified.Awards made until funds are depleted. Alaska Education Grant - As early as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. American Samoa Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Arizona Check with your financial aid administrator. Arkansas Arkansas Challenge - June 1 by midnight Central Time. Workforce Grant - Check with your financial aid administrator. Higher Education Opportunity Grant - June 1 by midnight Central Time. California March 2 (postmarked by) for many state financial aid programs. Cal Grant also requires submission of a school certified GPA by March 2. Applicants are encouraged to obtain proof of mailing their GPA and to retain a copy of their GPA form. For additional community college Cal Grants - September 2 (postmarked). Colorado Check with your financial aid administrator. Connecticut February 15 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required.Contact your financial aid administrator or your state agency. Delaware April 15 by midnight Central Time. District of Columbia May 1 For DCTAG, complete the DC OneApp and submit supporting documents by May31. Federated States of Micronesia Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Florida May 15 (date processed) Georgia Check with your financial aid administrator. Guam Check with your financial aid administrator.Additional forms may be required. Hawaii Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Idaho Opportunity Grant - March 1 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required. Contact your financial aid administrator or state agency. Illinois As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Indiana Frank O'Bannon Grant- April 15 by midnight Central Time. 21st Century Scholarship- April 15 by midnight Central Time. Adult Student Grant- As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Workforce Ready Grant- As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Iowa July 1 by midnight Central Time. Earlier priority deadlines may exist for certain programs. Additional forms may be required. Kansas April 1 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required. Contact your financial aid administrator or your state agency. Kentucky As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Louisiana July 1, 2020 (July 1, 2019 recommended) Maine May 1 by midnight Central Time. Marshall Islands Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Maryland March 1 by midnight Central Time. Massachusetts May 1 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Michigan March 1 by midnight Central Time. Minnesota 30 days after term starts by midnight Central Time. Mississippi MTAG and MESG Grants - September 15 by midnight Central Time. Additional forms may be required. HELP Scholarship - March 31 by midnight Central Time. Additional forms may be required. Missouri For priority consideration, submit by February 1. Applications are accepted throughApril 1 by midnight Central Time. Montana Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. N. Mariana Islands For priority consideration, submit by midnight Central Time on April 30. Additional forms may be required. Nebraska Check with your financial aid administrator. Nevada Nevada Promise Scholarship- April 1. Additional forms may be required. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Silver State Opportunity Grant - As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. All other aid - Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. New Hampshire Check with your financial aid administrator.Additional forms may be required. New Jersey 2018-19 Tuition Aid Grant recipients -- April 15 by midnight Central Time. All other applicants - September 15 by midnight Central Time for fall and spring terms; February 15, 2020, by midnight Central Time for spring term only. New Mexico Check with your financial aid administrator. New York June 30, 2020, by midnight Central Time. Additional forms may be required. North Carolina As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. North Dakota As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Ohio October 1 by midnight Central Time. Oklahoma As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Oregon OSAC Private Scholarships- March 1. Additional forms may be required. Oregon Promise Grant- Contact your state agency. Additional forms may be required. Oregon Opportunity Grant- As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Palau Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Pennsylvania All first-time applicants enrolled in a community college; business, trade, or technical school; hospital school of nursing; designated Pennsylvania Open-Admission institution; or non-transferable two-year program - August 1 by midnight Central Time. All other applicants - May 1 by midnight Central Time.Additional forms may be required Puerto Rico Check with your financial aid administrator. Rhode Island Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. South Carolina Tuition Grants - June 30 by midnight Central Time. SC Commission on Higher Education Need-based Grants - As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. South Dakota Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Tennessee State Grant - February 1. Eligible prior-year recipients receive priority, and all other awards are made to neediest applicants until funds are depleted. Tennessee Promise - February 1 (date received). State Lottery - Fall term: September 1 by midnight Central Time; spring summer terms (date received): February 1, 2020, by midnight Central Time (date received). Texas As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Texas public colleges - January 15. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required. Texas private colleges - Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. US Virgin Islands Check with your financial aid administrator.Additional forms may be required. Utah Check with your financial aid administrator. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Additional forms may be required. Vermont As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Additional forms may be required. Virginia Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Washington As soon as possible afterOctober 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. West Virginia PROMISE Scholarship - March 1. New applicants must submit additional information at www.cfwv.com. Contact your financial aid administrator or state agency. WV Higher Education Grant Program - April 15. Wisconsin Check with your financial aid administrator. Wyoming Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. When Are College FAFSA Deadlines? Most institutional deadlines for the FAFSA are between January and March for the following academic year.Some schools have deadlines as early as the second week in January. Make sure to check with the colleges you're interested in attending about their deadlines. You should also ask whether the deadline is for when the college must receive the FAFSA by, or for when the FAFSA must be processed by. Timeline After Submitting the FAFSA Generally, threedays after you submit your FAFSA, you'll receive your SAR,orStudent Aid Report, electronically. If you don't provide an email address, you'll receive your SAR by mail in seven to 10 days. The SAR summarizes your FAFSA information and gives a dollar amount for your expected family contribution for the next academic year.Your expected family contribution is used by colleges to calculate the amount of aid you're eligible to receive. Make sure all the information is correct on your SAR and submit any corrections if needed. Note thatyou might need to submit additional forms or documentation to financial aid officesif colleges ask you to do so. Some colleges require forms in addition to the FAFSA for financial aid. Typically, between March and April, you'll receive financial aid award letters from the colleges that accepted you. Normally, you'll get them with your acceptance letters or a couple weeks after. In your financial aid award letters, you'll find out how much financial aid you'll get and what your aid will consist of between loans, grants, and work-study.From your award letters, you can determine your out-of-pocket expenses for each school. Generally, you have to commit to the college you're going to attend by May 1. Between May and September, you can apply for supplemental aid to cover your cost of education, if needed. Your parents may borrow up to your cost of education minus your financial aid through the Federal PLUS loan. You may borrow up to your cost of education minus your financial aid through many private student loan programs. Finally, between May and September, if you receive a Federal Stafford Loan, you should complete the Master Promissory Note, which acts as a contract between you and your lender, saying that you agree to the terms of the loan and will repay it. Your school might provide this form to you or tell you where to complete it online. Tips to Help You Meet FAFSA Deadlines It is imperative that you submit your FAFSA by the appropriate deadline. If you don't do this, you could lose out on tens of thousands of dollars to help pay for your education. Your best bet is tosubmityour FAFSA early on- within the first couple weeks of October. This will ensure you don't miss any deadlines and will be eligible for all federal, state, and college financial aid. However, I know some of you like to procrastinate, sohere are some tips to help you stay on track: Start a financial aid folder to keep all your financial aid documents organized.Doing so will save you time and help you out, especially considering the fact that you must file a FAFSA every year you apply for financial aid! Make a note of the earliest deadline (state, federal, or college) you need to know on a calendar. Set a notification on your phone a week or two before this deadline, too. In September, start looking at the FAFSA with your parents and get together any documentation you might need for it. Encourage your parents to prepare their income tax returns as soon as possible after January 1 since you might need their returns for financial aid purposes. Regardless of whether or not your parents plan on paying for your college education, most studentswill be considered dependents for FAFSA purposes. If you have a good counselor at your high school, try to meet with her regularly. Many counselors excel at making sure their students submit all applications and forms in time. This guy might be able to help you get your FAFSA submitted on time. What's Next? College is super pricey these days, making it crucial to apply for financial aid.Learn aboutthe importance of the FAFSA and financial aid in our guide tohow much college costs. Looking for more financial tips? Then check out our expert guides onhow to get a student loan and the best jobs for teens. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Business Principles in Human Resource Management Essay - 2

Business Principles in Human Resource Management - Essay Example Consequently, commitment ignites achievement of goals and faithfulness towards the desired objective ( Burrow, James, and Kleindl, 300). A competent leader induces hard work with adequate purpose to achieve set targets. This is vital to me as competent employees strive towards success. To a business, competency induces additional skills and knowledge leading to innovation and creativity. This is a significant principle of management as it guarantees a business success. Congruence is an important principle in the process of management that ensures legibility in decisions made. To me, it is a concept, which helps in arriving at the achievable and realistic goal. To a business, congruence ensures objectives are timely and realistic. This, in turn, leads to the success of the business. Without cost-effectiveness and fair reward of employees, set goals will be difficult to achieve. As a manager, this principle will assist me in spending economically and in all sector of the business. To a business, cost-effectiveness is important as extra resources can be channeled to develop other departments. As a manager, continuous development and improvements are important as it not only boost the morale of employees but also improves the working environment. Change in a business increases the productivity of employees and in turn yields. As, a manager, unique strategies are extremely vital which comes from creativity. Creativity enables the realization of new strategies using new approaches enable the business gain competitive advantage. In addition, creativity encourages the use of limited resources a factor which builds a business due to enough resources. Building trust is a very vital process in human resource management. The credibility of employees to undertake their strategies and meet their objectives is a central role in management. To a business, credibility consummates human resource to deliver adequately.

Economics and Politics in the Philippines Research Paper

Economics and Politics in the Philippines - Research Paper Example The government encourages more foreign investments in industries such as mining, tourism and business processing operations (Philippines Economic Statistics). The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas controls the foreign exchange market. It ensures orderly conditions in the foreign exchange market. Supply and demand determine the exchange rates in the market and is consistent with the Government’s regulations on market-oriented reforms and strategies of achieving competitiveness via price stability and efficiency (from Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas). The Philippines has increased bilateral trade with many countries leading to increased trade volumes which increase economic growth. Its main trading partners are Japan 12.5%, United States 12%, China 8.8%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 7.9% and Taiwan 5.7% (from ADB Annual Report 2010). The Philippine government has over the years implemented tax measures that increase government budget, lessening the budget deficit. This has led to increased control in foreign loans and improved repayment of foreign debts. Foreign investment has increased due to reduction of foreign debt thus resulting into increased economic growth (from Philippines Economic